The TCP/IP Five-Layer Network Model

 In networking ,the most commonly used model is 5-layer model besides OSI model and 4 -layer model with some changes made to 5-layer model

5-Layers:

• Physical Layer
• Data-Link Layer
• Network Layer
• Transport Layer
• Application Layer

Physical Layer

Represents the physical devices that interconnect computers

Data Link Layer / Network Access Layer

Responsible for defining a common way of interpreting the signals produced by the physical layer so that network devices can communicate.
It uses Ethernet Protocol to efficiently send data packets i.e Ethernet frames in this layer).Ethernet protocol makes sure the node’s identity (i.e MAC address-Hardware address)to send the data packets

Network Layer

Allows different networks to communicate with each other through devices known as routers. Network layer deliver data across a collection of networks. This layer uses IP(Internet Protocol) predominantly to find the correct network where the destination node is present through Routers which connects

Transport Layer

While the network layer delivers data between two individual nodes, the transport layer sorts out which client and server program are supposed to get that data. This layer uses TCP(Transfer Control Protocol)/UDP(User Datagram Protocol). TCP ensures that data is reliably delivered while UDP does not.

Application Layer

This layer uses various protocols depending on the applications. For example, HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) is used by the web-servers and the web-pages

Real Life Example:

You can think of layers like different aspects of a package being delivered. 

The physical layer is the delivery truck and the roads. 

The data link layer is how the delivery trucks 

get from one intersection to the next over and over. 

The network layer identifies which roads need 

to be taken to get from address A to address B. 

The transport layer ensures that delivery driver knows 

how to knock on your door to tell you your package has arrived. And the application layer is the contents of the package itself.

References:

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