Skip to main content

The TCP/IP Five-Layer Network Model

 In networking ,the most commonly used model is 5-layer model besides OSI model and 4 -layer model with some changes made to 5-layer model

  • Physical Layer
  • Data-Link Layer
  • Network Layer
  • Transport Layer
  • Application Layer

Physical Layer
Represents the physical devices that interconnect computers

Data Link Layer / Network Access Layer
Responsible for defining a common way of interpreting the signals produced by the physical layer so that network devices can communicate.
It uses Ethernet Protocol to efficiently send data packets i.e Ethernet frames in this layer).Ethernet protocol makes sure the node’s identity (i.e MAC address-Hardware address)to send the data packets

Network Layer
Allows different networks to communicate with each other through devices known as routers. Network layer deliver data across a collection of networks. This layer uses IP(Internet Protocol) predominantly to find the correct network where the destination node is present through Routers which connects

Transport Layer
While the network layer delivers data between two individual nodes, the transport layer sorts out which client and server program are supposed to get that data. This layer uses TCP(Transfer Control Protocol)/UDP(User Datagram Protocol). TCP ensures that data is reliably delivered while UDP does not.


Application Layer
This layer uses various protocols depending on the applications. For example, HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) is used by the web-servers and the web-pages

Real Life Example:

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Software Architecture (Requirement Analysis) - Part 01

Software Architecture The Software Architecture of a system is a high level description of the system's structure, its different components, and how these components communicate with each other to fulfill the system requirements and constraints. The Software Architecture impacts Performance and scale of the product Ease of adding new features Response to failure on security attacks. In SDLC Software architecture is the output of design and input of implementation. System Requirements: System requirement format description of what we need to build Types of Requirements Features of the System (Functional Requirements) Quality Attributes (Non-functional Requirements) System Constraints (Limitation and boundaries) Features of the System: Describe the system behavior - What the system must do. Example: "When a rider logs into the service mobile app , the system must display a map with nearby drivers within 5 miles radius " the yellow text represent input and the green text rep...
Post a Comment
Read more

Message Queue using RabbitMQ

Message Queue: A message queue is a form of asynchronous service-to-service communication used in serverless and microservices architectures. Messages are stored on the queue until they are processed and deleted. Each message is processed only once, by a single consumer Image Source: aws.amazon.com RabbitMQ: RabbitMQ is a message broker: it accepts and forwards messages. You can think about it as a post office: when you put the mail that you want posting in a post box, you can be sure that the letter carrier will eventually deliver the mail to your recipient. In this analogy, RabbitMQ is a post box, a post office, and a letter carrier. The major difference between RabbitMQ and the post office is that it doesn't deal with paper, instead it accepts, stores, and forwards binary blobs of data ‒  messages . Advanced Message Queueing Protocol (AMQP): Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP) is an application layer protocol that focuses on process-to-process communication across IP networ...
Post a Comment
Read more

The Data Link Layer

  The Data-link layer is the second layer from the bottom in the  OSI  (Open System Interconnection) network architecture model. It is responsible for the node-to-node delivery of data. Its major role is to ensure error-free transmission of information. DLL is also responsible to encode, decode and organize the outgoing and incoming data. This is considered the most complex layer of the OSI model as it hides all the underlying complexities of the hardware from the other above layers.  Ethernet The protocol most widely used to send data across individual links is known as Ethernet.  Ethernet and the data link layer provide a means for  software at higher levels of the stack to send and receive data.  One of the primary purposes of this layer is to essentially abstract away  the need for any other layers to care  about the physical layer and what hardware is in use.  So, for example, your web browser doesn't need to know if it's  runn...
Post a Comment
Read more